Liquid air can be used as a direct replacement for liquid nitrogen in chilled-fog effects and is intended to be used in the same manner in the same equipment.
This ratio of nitrogen to oxygen is the same as that of atmospheric air, and indeed liquid air may be fabricated by simply liquefying atmospheric air. Liquid air is composed of N 2 and O 2 mixed in a ratio of 79% nitrogen and 21% oxygen stored as a liquid in insulated cylinders. Liquid air is an alternative to using liquid nitrogen in generating low lying fog effects. In either case, a fan placed at the top of the container directs the fog where it is needed. Liquid nitrogen (N 2) can be used in a similar manner to dry ice. Because at standard temperature and pressure carbon dioxide is a gas, the carbon dioxide sublimates and instantly produces a gas, condensing water vapor and creating a thick white fog. They are typically created by using either dry ice, compressed liquid CO 2, liquid nitrogen, ice or more recently liquid air.ĭry ice (solid CO 2) effects are produced by heating water to or near boiling in a suitable container (for example: a 55-gallon drum with water heater coils in it), and then dropping in one or more pieces of dry ice. Some models of gas propelled fog machine provide control over the output of fog by varying the volume of gas used to propel the fluid.Ĭhilled fog machines are designed to create thick clouds of fog that lie close to the ground and dissipate as they rise. Gas propelled fog machines use an inert gas (most commonly CO 2 or nitrogen) to propel either mineral oil or a glycol based fluid into a heat exchanger where it is vaporized into particles, creating a fog. Some manufacturers have produced accessories and fluids that when combined with an ordinary heated pump machine, create fog effects similar to chilled fog machines. More complex models may include a variety of other features, including variable speed pumps to control the output of fog, timer modules, or components for remote operation and monitoring of the fog machines' status. Very basic models of this type of machine consist of a fluid reservoir, an electric pump to move the fog fluid and heat exchanger which vaporizes the fluid. The most commonly encountered form of heated fog machine is the pump machine. Heated fog machines use either an inert gas or an electric pump to propel mineral oil, propylene glycol, or glycerin and water mixture into a heat exchanger, where the solution is vaporized. Interior view of a fog machine, showing the pump and heat exchanger.
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